Flag of the United States of America
Ratio: 10:19 (normal)
Adopted: 14 June 1777 (current version adopted on 4 July 1960)
Part 1
Rule 1: A child could draw this flag from memory, even if they may not draw the exact number of stars or stripes.
Rule 2: The first Native Americans came to what is now the United States through
the Bering land bridge. The first place now in the United States to be discovered by Europeans was Puerto Rico, discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493. John Cabot may have been the first European to visit what is now an US state, as he may discovered Maine in 1497. However, the first European to indisputedly set foot in what is now a state of the US was Juan Ponce de León, who discovered Florida in 1513. In the following (roughly) 300 years, colonies in what is now the US would be established by Spain, France, England/Great Britain,
the Netherlands,
Sweden, and
Russia (the US Virgin Islands
were also Danish until 1917).
From 1732 (the establishment of Georgia), the British had thirteen colonies along what is now the eastern coast of the United States. British territory grew after
the Seven Year's War, after which Great Britain controlled all of what is now the United States east of the Mississippi River. The war had indebted Great Britain, leading to the establishment of taxes in the colonies, which had no represation in the British parliament. This led to the beginning of the American Revolution, and
the Boston Tea Party, in which taxed tea held by the East India Company was thrown into Boston Harbor by the colonists, leading to the British Parliament passing
four acts known as "the Intolerable Acts", which were unpopular in the colonies, which led to British rule becoming more unpopular and the American Revolution
turining into a war in 1775. Though the goals of the rebels were the end of taxation without representation, they eventually became full independence for the United States. On a date you all know in 1776 the United States declared independence.
The first flag of the United States was mostly like the current, but the canton was different: it had the flag of Great Britian instead of stars on a blue field. This first flag was based either on
the Flag of the British East India Company or
the British Red Ensign.
On 14 June 1777 the Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Act, which stated that "the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation". The new flag of the United States was designed by Francis Hopkinson from New Jersey (whose exact design is unknown, as no sketchs survive), and was first flown in battle during
the Siege of Fort Stanwix:
Wikipedia said:
Soldiers cut up their shirts to make the white stripes; scarlet material to form the red was secured from red flannel petticoats of officers' wives, while material for the blue union was secured from Capt. Abraham Swartwout's blue cloth coat.
The Flag Act didn't define the exact design of the flag, and stars were arranged in many different ways. The second flag of the United States is commonly thought to have the stars arranged in a circle (known as
the Betsy Ross flag. Betsy Ross did not actually design the United States' flag: this is a myth that orignated in the second half of the 19th century). The first known instance of an American flag with stars arranged in a circle appeared in a 1792 painting, and today it is believed to have been used in anniversary celebrations.
With French, Spanish, and Dutch support the United States managed to win the war, which ended in 1783 with the signing of
the Treaty of Paris, which was generous to the United States, giving it all of its current territory east of the Mississippi, except Florida, returned to Spain after being British for twenty years.
The first two states to be added to the union which weren't one of the thirteen colonies were Vermont, in colonial times disputed between New York and New Hampshire,
briefly independent until joining the US in 1791, and Kentucky, part of Virginia until 1792. This led to two stars and two stripes being added to the US' flag in 1795. By the beginning of 1818, the US had 20 states, but the flag hadn't changed since 1795. On 4 April 1818 the US Congress established that every time the US gained a new state, a new star would be added to the flag the on the 4th of July after the admission of the state. Two stripes were removed from the flag, and the numbers of stripes was permanently fixed as 13 for the original 13 colonies. The stars actually had no official arrangement until 1912 (after New Mexico and Arizona were added).
In the years following its independence, the US
would grow in size, its latest addition of territory of territory that would become a state being
the 1898 annexation of Hawaii. The United States last changed on 4 July 1960, after Hawaii gained statehood on August 21, 1959. The US' current flag was designed by Robert G. Heft (who was seventeen years old when he made the flag) in 1958.
Rule 3: Blue, white, and red. Good colors.
Rule 4: This flag has a lot of simple stars.
Rule 5: There are a lot of countries with flags similar to the US's, all of which are younger, and most of which were influenced by it. The United States is currently the most powerful (and probably most well-known) country in the world, so its flag is bound to be distinctive.
Part 2
Technically, this is the 28th flag of the United States' flag. However, most changes were the addition of one star, and weren't really major.
1776-1777
I prefer this flag to most others with the Union Jack in the canton. However, this flag can easily be confused with the Eas India Company's, and I personally like the symbolism of the Union Jack not being in the flag of the United States.
I originally planned to write about the original 13-star flag, but that flag had no defined design.
Rule 3
It's mostly good and distinctive, but I think it has too many stars, which makes the flag the flag cluttered. But otherwise it's good.