So to determine it, you'll need to go to the BIOS:
- Google how to get to the BIOS for your laptop's make/model. It's usually holding down one of the F(number) keys while it boots up.
- When inside, look for something that says something like 'Boot Option' / 'Boot Order'. If the computer can still detect the hard drive, you should be able to see it in the list. If you don't know what type of hard drive your computer has, you should at least be able to identify it from an electronics brand name like Samsung, WD, Seagate, Corsair, etc. But is it's all generic "USB / SATA / M.2 / etc" then that suggests to me that it can't find it.
- If it found it, continue to the 'hard drive failure steps'
- If not, continue these steps
- Turn off the computer from the power button.
- Find something to ground yourself and periodically touch it to get rid of static charge
A complete guide to grounding yourself before handling electronicsGrounding yourself is the process of removing excess voltage or charge from an object so you can protect yourself against electric shock, especially when working with...
www.wikihow.com
- Open up (probably a bunch of phillips heads)
- Find the hard drive. If you can't, Google a schematic of your laptop make/model to help identify it
- Gently try removing it, then plugging it back in, making sure everything is secure. Be careful because laptops are a lot smaller than regular PCs and can be more difficult to work on
- Turn on the laptop and go into the BIOS again
- Check the Boot Option / Order thing again
- Check if the hard drive appears now
- If it does, exit the BIOS (probably ESC) and see if it boots into Windows now
- If it does, yay, done!
- If not to either of those, turn off the laptop and continue to 'hard drive failure'
Hard drive failure:
- On a separate computer, go to the Microsoft website and create a USB restore drive:
Learn how to create installation media for installing or reinstalling Windows.
support.microsoft.com
- Plug the boot drive into the laptop
- Turn on the laptop and go to the BIOS
- Go to the Boot Option / Order thing again and make sure USB boot is the top option (it usually is by default). Don't change anything else
- Save and exit the BIOS
- It should now try booting into Windows recovery from the USB
- If it can find the hard drive but the Windows installation is broken, then you should be able to find the
Repair -> Keep My Files option. Pick that. This will reinstall Windows but keep all your personal files intact
Learn about the recovery options in Windows. Find out how to reset your PC, go back to a previous version of Windows, or use media to reinstall Windows.
support.microsoft.com
Learn about the different reset options in Windows and how to reset your device.
support.microsoft.com
- If it can't find a drive to install Windows to, then the drive is probably broken. If there's files you want off it, you'll have to take it to a specialist because data recovery is, like, a whole thing. Otherwise just get a whole new drive