I don't know any of the background processes but there's nothing actively running in the task manager that I don't recognize.
Nope. It just throws an error sound, shows the spinning doot for like a quarter of a second, and then turns off.
Assuming you have light indicators on your laptop, have you seen them doing anything when this happens (flashing, different color than normal)?
Do you have a spare one? Maybe you could change the charger. I don't have a Windows laptop, so this is as far as I can help you.
Ah. I've done all I can to help, I'm sorry. I would suggest though getting a new charger and seeing if that was the problem. Hopefully those are cheap.